We Should explore low cost ID routes in all vaccines including Hep B

Thereafter, this route ID, has been tried in special groups as well as in non-responders to IM vaccine. In patients with chronic kidney disease or on maintenance dialysis, whether hepatitis B vaccine-naïve or non-responders to prior IM vaccine series, ID administration has been found, in several randomized trials and systematic reviews, to be associated with higher seroconversion rates as well as antibody titers.[11-13] In another study, 69% of 42 non-responders with chronic liver disease seroconverted after a 3-dose ID regimen.[14] Similarly, children with celiac disease who had not responded to infant hepatitis B immunization and were randomly assigned to receive boosters by ID route seroconverted earlier and with higher anti-HBs levels than those assigned to IM boosters.[15] Also, in observational studies, a large proportion of non-responders who were otherwise healthy have been found to seroconvert following ID doses of the vaccine.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jgh.13234/full