Journal article

LQAS: User Beware

Background Researchers around the world are using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) techniques to assess public health parameters and evaluate program outcomes. In this paper, we report that there are actually two methods being called LQAS in the world today,

and that one of them is badly flawed.

Methods This paper reviews fundamental LQAS design principles, and

compares and contrasts the two LQAS methods. We raise four concerns with the simply-written, freely-downloadable training materials associated with the second method.

Results The first method is founded on sound statistical principles and is

carefully designed to protect the vulnerable populations that it studies. The language used in the training materials for the second method is simple, but not at all clear, so the second method sounds very much like the first. On close inspection, however, the second method is found to promote study designs that are biased in favor of finding programmatic or intervention success, and therefore biased against the interests of the population being studied.

Conclusion We outline several recommendations, and issue a call for a new high standard of clarity and face validity for those who design,

conduct, and report LQAS studies.

Keywords Lot quality assurance sampling, quality assurance, healthcare, sampling

studies, evaluation studies, intervention studies, prevalence,

immunization

Languages

  • English

Journal

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volume

1

Type

Journal article

Categories

  • Programme management

Topic references

COV-METH-PUB

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A computer simulation of the EPI survey strategy.Alexandre G. Tserkovnyi, Jacobus Keja, James Leonard Tulloch, John E. Dowd, Stanley Lemeshow, Steven K. LwangaJournal articleEnglish
A not quite as quick but much cleaner alternative to the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) Cluster Survey design.Anthony G. Turner , Muhammad Shuaib, Robert J. MagnaniJournal articleEnglish
Assessing and monitoring vaccination coverage levels: lessons from the Americas.Edgar Monterroso, Elizabeth R Zell, George Stroh, Gina Tambini, Héctor Izurieta, Linda Venczel, Vance Dietz2004Journal articleEnglish
Assessing equivalence: an alternative to the use of difference tests for measuring disparities in vaccination coverage.Elizabeth T. Luman, Lawrence E. Barker, Mary M. McCauley, Susan Y Chu2002Journal articleEnglish
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Comments on ‘‘Monitoring vaccination coverage: Defining the role of surveys”Robert Pond, Sandra Mounier-JackJournal articleEnglish
Consultancy services for conducting an evaluation of immunisation coverage monitoring methodology and processWolfgang Weber, Xavier Bosch-CapblanchGuidanceEnglish
Does adjusting for recall in trend analysis affect coverage estimates for maternal and child health indicators? An analysis of DHS and MICS survey dataDonela Besada, Nicholas P. Oliphant, Nobubelo K. Ngandu, Samuel Manda, Sarah Rohde, Tanya DohertyJournal articleEnglish
Effectiveness of Using Mobile Phone Image Capture for Collecting Secondary Data: A Case Study on Immunization History Data Among Children in Remote Areas of ThailandAmnat Khamsiriwatchara, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Kasemsak Jandee, Peerawat Wansatid, Saranath Lawpoolsri, Waranya Wongwit2015Journal articleEnglish
Evaluating Confidence Interval Methods for Binomial Proportions in Clustered SurveysMarcello Pagano, Natalie DeanJournal articleEnglish
Immunization Coverage Surveys and Linked Biomarker Serosurveys in Three Regions in Ethiopia Jaya Goswami, Amha Kebede, Berhane Beyene, Inna Ruslanova, James D Campbell, Jenny Sequeira, Lisa Oot, Marcela F. Pasetti, Mardi Reymann, Mark A Travassos, Myron M Levine, Nigisti Mulholland, Robert Steinglass, Samba O Sow, Seydou S Diarra, Tassew Kassa, William C. Blackwelder, Yukun Wu, Zenaw AdamJournal articleEnglish
Issues and considerations in the use of serologic biomarkers for classifying vaccination history in household surveysAdam MacNeil, Chung-won Lee, Vance Dietz1960Journal articleEnglish
Lot Quality Assurance Sampling to Monitor Supplemental Immunization Activity Quality: An Essential Tool for Improving Performance in Polio Endemic CountriesAlexandra E. Brown, Arshad Quddus, George Walker, Guillaume Chabot-Couture, Hiromasa Okayasu, Michael M. Nzioki, Mufti Z. Wadood, Roland W. SutterJournal articleEnglish
LQAS: User BewareDale A. Rhoda, David J. Fitch, Soledad A. Fernandez, Stanley LemeshowJournal articleEnglish
Measurement of immunisation coverageJean-Marie Okwo-Bele, Maryanne Neil, Peter Salama, Tessa Wardlaw, Tony BurtonJournal articleEnglish
Measuring Coverage in MNCH: A Validation Study Linking Population Survey Derived Coverage to Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Care Records in Rural ChinaBiqin Tan, Harry Campbell, Jennifer Bryce, Li Liu, Li Yang, Lirong Ju, Mengying Li, Neff Walker, Robert E. Black, Yan Guo2013Journal articleEnglish
Measuring coverage in MNCH: total survey error and the interpretation of intervention coverage estimates from household surveys.Aluisio J D Barros, Dale A. Rhoda, Felicity T Cutts, Fred Arnold, Joseph Keating, Ruilin Ren, Thomas P. EiseleJournal articleEnglish
Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Tracking Progress in Health for Women and Children Using DHS and MICS Household SurveysAttila Hancioglu, Fred ArnoldJournal articleEnglish
Measuring populations to improve vaccination coverageAli Djibo, Andrew J. Tatem, Bryan T. Grenfell, Matthew J. Ferrari, Nita Bharti2016Journal articleEnglish
Measuring the performance of vaccination programs using cross-sectional surveys: a likelihood framework and retrospective analysis.Bryan T. Grenfell, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Derek A. T. Cummings, Francisco J. Luquero, Justin Lessler, Rebecca F. GraisJournal articleEnglish
Monitoring vaccination coverage: Defining the role of surveysDale A. Rhoda, Felicity T Cutts, M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Pierre ClaquinJournal articleEnglish
Reply to comments on Monitoring vaccination coverage: Defining the role of surveys.Dale A. Rhoda, Felicity T Cutts, M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Pierre ClaquinJournal articleEnglish
Seroepidemiology: an underused tool for designing and monitoring vaccination programmes in low- and middleincome countriesFelicity T Cutts, Matt HansonJournal articleEnglish
Use and abuse of rapid monitoring to assess coverage during mass vaccination campaigns.Elizabeth T. Luman, K. Lisa Cairns, Robert Perry, Vance DietzGuidanceEnglish
Validity of reported vaccination coverage in 45 countries.Christopher J. L. Murray, Bakhuti Shengelia, Neeru Gupta, Saba Moussavi, Ajay Tandon, Michel Thieren2003Journal articleEnglish
Validity of vaccination cards and parental recall to estimate vaccination coverage: a systematic review of the literature.Elizabeth T. Luman, Elizabeth Zell, Melody Miles, Tove K. Ryman, Vance DietzJournal articleEnglish

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