Journal article
Cold chain study: danger of freezing vaccines
This report details the danger of freezing vaccine as illustrated by epidemics of whooping cough among children who have received the pertussis vaccine. One factor contributing to the delivery of compromised vaccines with poor immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and efficacy is vaccine treatment during shipping and storage. A 1992 study in Canada by the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control used Freeze WatchTM indicators to document vaccine freezing during shipment in Canadian winters. In this 1993 study, Hib-TITER vaccine was evaluated to determine the time required for this vaccine to reach the freezing point when protected by special packaging. These results show that the internal temperature of the Styrofoam box decreases rapidly and that it is likely that vaccine shipments are compromised when shipped by surface and/or air freight during the winter and that alternative packaging is required for vaccine protection while not in heated environments during winter. This paper concludes with the importance of monitoring for vaccine inactivation with single-use or reusable freeze indicators and the shake test for adsorbed vaccines.
Authors
Languages
- English
Journal
Canada Communicable Disease Report
Volume
5
Type
Journal article
Categories
- Supply chain & logistics
Topic references
FREEZE-PREVENTION-POTENCY
Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
---|---|---|---|---|
Assessing the potency and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine after exposure to freezing temperatures | Abhijeet Anand, Cynthia J. Snider, Dexiang Chen, Diana Kouiavskaia, Edmond F. Maes, Eric Stevens, Howard E. Gary Jr., Jacqueline Fournier-Caruana, Jessica A. White, Konstantin Chumakov, M. Steven Oberste, Marcus Estrada, William C. Weldon | Journal article | English | |
Cold chain study: danger of freezing vaccines | P. Milhomme | Journal article | English | |
Comparison of hepatitis B vaccine coverage and effectiveness among urban and rural Mongolian 2-year-olds | Ann Marie Kimball, Arslan Rinchin, J. Khulan, James S. Edstam, Nyamkhuu Dulmaa, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa | Journal article | English | |
Effects of freezing on DPT and DPT-IPV vaccines, adsorbed | A. Bell, D. Scheifele, R. Dimayuga | Journal article | English, French | |
Factors affecting the immunogenicity and potency of tetanus toxoid: implications for the elimination of neonatal and non-neonatal tetanus as public health problems | A. Galazka, F. van Loon, S. Cochi, V. Dietz | Journal article | English | |
Hepatitis B vaccine | Arlene A. McLean, Raymond Shaw Jr. | Journal article | English | |
Hepatitis B vaccine in healthy hospital employees | R. Normand, R. Silberman, S. A. Klotz | Journal article | English | |
Performance and potency of tetanus toxoid: implications for eliminating neonatal tetanus | F. van Loon, J. B. Milstien, J. Bennett, S. Cochi, V. Dietz | Journal article | English | |
Physical, chemical and immunological stability of CHO-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles | Dvorah Diminsky, Marian Gorecki, Neomi Moav, Yechezkel Barenholz | Journal article | English | |
Storage at -3 degrees C for 24 h alters the immunogenicity of pertussis vaccines | Christina Ann Boros, D. M. Roberton, M. Hanlon, Michael Steven Gold | Journal article | English |