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Post00252 POLIO ERADICATION TARGET NOW 2005 18 May 2000
CONTENTS
1. UN POLIO CAMPAIGN SUFFERS SETBACKS
2. ON TRACK FOR A WORLD CERTIFIED POLIO-FREE IN 2005
1. UN POLIO CAMPAIGN SUFFERS SETBACKS
From the Associated Press: "The global campaign to eradicate polio has been
hindered by war, vaccine shortage, and logistical problems,..."
"UN Polio Campaign Suffers Setbacks"
Associated Press (www.ap.org) (05/15/00); Higgins, Alexander G.
The global campaign to eradicate polio has been hindered by war, vaccine
shortage, and logistical problems, the World Health Organization (WHO)
reported Monday. The goal will be extended to 2005, after Director Gro
Harlem Brundtland said polio would not be eradicated by the original goal
of year-end 2000. According to a joint statement from the WHO, Rotary
International, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and
UNICEF, as many as 20 nations will probably still have polio circulating by
the end of the year. Brundtland called for more aggressive efforts against
the disease and also noted that efforts to improve health in developing
countries include battling malaria and tuberculosis and supplying more
vaccines.
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2. ON TRACK FOR A WORLD CERTIFIED POLIO-FREE IN 2005
From the WHO: "Agencies leading the global effort to eradicate polio today
called for intensified efforts and additional resources for the areas of
Africa and the Indian sub-continent where there would be continued
transmission of poliovirus at the end of the year 2000."
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Press Release WHO/33 15 May 2000
ON TRACK FOR A WORLD CERTIFIED POLIO-FREE IN 2005, BUT INTENSIFIED EFFORTS
NEEDED
Agencies leading the global effort to eradicate polio today called for
intensified efforts and additional resources for the areas of Africa and
the Indian sub-continent where there would be continued transmission of
poliovirus at the end of the year 2000.
The World Health Organization (WHO), Rotary International, the United
States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), said in a statement that although up to
20 countries were likely to still have poliovirus circulating at the end of
the year 2000, the Polio Eradication Initiative is on track to certify the
world polio-free in year 2005. More than 190 countries and territories will
have interrupted poliovirus transmission by the end of the year 2000, they
said. This announcement followed last week's meeting of the Global
Technical Consultative Group on Poliomyelitis (TCG) which reviewed progress
in the remaining 30 endemic countries.
On the opening day of the Fifty-third World Health Assembly (WHA), WHO
Director-General Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland informed the Organization's 191
Member States of the global status of the Initiative. "The certification
date for global eradication of polio is 2005 and we are on track to meet
that target. But there is no room for complacency. Ironically, in the final
phase, in order to mop up pockets of poliovirus, to reach every child and
to ensure eradication, immunization efforts need to intensify," she said.
Dr Brundtland appealed to Member States to ensure high quality
surveillance, National Immunization Days (NIDs) and house-to-house
campaigns to reach every child in every country. She urged health ministers
to advocate to their Heads of State a multi-sectoral approach based on
collaboration among government sectors such as education, transport,
communication and armed forces, and to personally monitor national progress
and ensure that sufficient numbers of people are rapidly deployed to work
on polio eradication.
Success in three regions puts the initiative on track for global
certification in 2005: the Americas were certified polio-free in 1994; the
Western Pacific Region, which includes China, is scheduled for
certification in November 2000, and WHO's European Region is expected to be
certified polio-free in 2002. The number of poliomyelitis cases has fallen
by 95 percent since the initiative was launched in 1988.
However, the TCG pointed out geographical areas likely to have continued
transmission at the end of year 2000, which need particular attention: four
northern states in India; countries affected by conflict in sub-Saharan
Africa; and large reservoirs of the virus, in particular, Bangladesh,
Nigeria and Pakistan. Reasons for continued transmission of poliovirus were
identified as:
restricted access to children, particularly in countries where there is
war; late detection of cases in areas with sub-standard epidemiological
surveillance; insufficient supply of vaccine to accelerate eradication
plans; a funding gap of more than US$ 300 million; and low routine
immunization coverage. Already, efforts are under way to intensify
immunization activities with increased rounds of NIDs scheduled through end
of this year. The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement will step up efforts
in the remaining polio-endemic countries.
Carol Bellamy, Executive Director of UNICEF, said that Days of
Tranquillity, when combatants have agreed to lay down arms in order to
allow immunization campaigns to proceed, must be observed now in countries
where armed conflicts are underway. "In the final drive to eradicate polio,
the premium is on 100 percent coverage," Bellamy said. "This will not occur
unless urgent steps are taken to ensure access to every child in every area
that is hard to reach and in every country where armed conflict makes the
simple, life-saving act of immunization impossible."
"Today we are at the forefront of victory in the fight to end polio," said
Rotary International President Mr Carlo Ravizza. "As we enter the most
difficult phase of the eradication campaign, Rotary remains steadfast in
its commitment to a polio-free world by 2005." By that date, Rotary will
have contributed US $500 million to polio eradication. Rotarians world-wide
volunteer their time every month to assist with immunization campaigns in
countries throughout Africa and South Asia.
"Our experience demonstrates that polio eradication is technically
feasible, we have the right vaccine and the right strategies to rid the
world of this terrible crippling disease," said Dr Jeffrey Koplan, Director
of CDC. "The key to success will be reaching every child during NIDs and
mop-ups," he stated.
The Polio Eradication Initiative, launched in 1988, is spearheaded by WHO,
Rotary International, CDC and UNICEF. The coalition is made up of national
governments; private foundations (e.g. United Nations Foundation, Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation); development banks (e.g. World Bank); donor
governments (e.g. Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany,
Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States of America), and
corporate partners (e.g. Aventis Pasteur, De Beers).
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