Optimising immunisation equity: an analytical framework for geographical categorisation and prioritisation

This article presents an equity-oriented analytical framework for improving geographic prioritization in immunization programmes. By considering both the absolute number and prevalence of zero-dose children, the framework addresses limitations of prioritization approaches based on a single criterion. Applied to 2024 WUENIC data across 194 countries, it demonstrates how combining the scale and intensity of zero-dose challenges can produce substantially different priority rankings. The framework provides a practical and adaptable tool to support more equitable programme prioritization, resource allocation, and monitoring at global, regional, national, and subnational levels.

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