Indonesia has large numbers of unimmunised children. Vaccine preventable diseases including measles and rubella (MR) remain serious public health challenges.Prior to 2018, coverage with the first dose of measles vaccine had plateaued at 85%, with 60% of children having received the second dose.Measles outbreaks occurred frequently, with over 12000 cases reported annually in the preceding 5years.With the rubella vaccine not yet introduced, an estimated 15%–20% of pregnancies remained vulnerable to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). 

Indonesia has committed to eliminating measles and controlling rubella and CRS by 2023. To achieve this ambitious aim, the country undertook a nationwide MR vaccination campaign that targeted over 67 million children between 9 months and 15 years old. The first phase of the campaign was conducted in 2017 on the densely populated Java island with 35 million children across six provinces. In 2018, the second phase, which is referred as the ‘MR campaign’ in this paper, aimed to cover the remaining 31.9 million children across 28 socioeconomically and geographically diverse provinces, comprising 395 districts over an estimated 6000 inhabited islands.