VVMs (Vaccine Vial Monitors) are small indicators that adhere to vaccine vials and change color as the vaccine is exposed to cumulative heat, letting health workers know whether the vaccine has exceeded a pre-set limit beyond which the vaccine should not be used. This page provides a list of useful resources on VVMs, organised into the following sections:
- What is a VVM?
- How to read a VVM
- VVM training videos for healthcare workers
- VVM resources for supply chain managers
- VVM in a controlled temperature chain (CTC)
- WHO PQS performance specifications related to VVM
- Other VVM resources
What is a VVM?
The following resources introduce the VVM and explain how it works.
Titre | Auteur | Année | Type | Langue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccines work - video explainer | Temptime | 2019 | Training | Anglais |
What is a vaccine vial monitor (VVM)? | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance | 2019 | Training | Anglais |
How to read a VVM
Resources that explain how to read a VVM to determine whether a vaccine can be safely used for immunization.
Titre | Auteur | Année | Type | Langue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Comment lire une pastille de contrôle des vaccins (PCV)? | Immunization Academy | 2018 | Training | Français |
How does a VVM work? | EPELA, World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Training | Anglais |
How to Read a VVM | Immunization Academy | 2018 | Training | Swahili |
How to read a VVM - Infographic | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Training | Anglais |
Pastilles de contrôle des vaccins | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Training | Français |
UNICEF Agora online course: Vaccine Vial Monitors (VVM) | UNICEF | 2020 | Training | Anglais |
Vaccine vial monitor, PSM Lectures | Rajeev Ranjan Gupta | 2017 | Training | Hindi |
VVM training videos for healthcare workers
Videos on how healthcare workers should use VVMs.
VVM resources for supply chain managers
Resources that provide guidance for supply chain managers on how VVMs should be utilised by national immunization programs.
VVM in a Controlled Temperature Chain (CTC)
Resources on CTC with reference to VVMs and Peak Temperature Threshold Indicators (PTTI).
Titre | Auteur | Année | Type | Langue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Assessing the potency of oral polio vaccine kept outside of the coldchain | Simona Zipursky et al. | 2011 | Journal article | Anglais |
Benefits of using vaccines out of the cold chain: Delivering Meningitis A vaccine in a controlled temperature chain during the mass immunization campaign in Benin | Simona Zipursky, Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey, Jean-Claude Lodjo, Laifoya Olodo, Sylvestre Tiendrebeogo, Olivier Ronveaux | 2014 | Journal article | Anglais |
Extending supply chains and improving immunization coverage and equity through controlled temperature chain use of vaccines | Raja Rao, Debra Kristensen, Anna-Lea Kahn | 2017 | Journal article | Anglais |
Vaccines beyond the cold chain - Simona Zipursky | EPELA, World Health Organization (WHO) | 2013 | Guidance | Anglais |
WHO PQS performance specifications
Resources that provide technical reference material on the science behind VVM.
Titre | Auteur | Année | Type | Langue |
---|---|---|---|---|
[WHO_PQS_E006_IN04.1] Threshold Indicator Specification | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Guidance | Anglais |
[WHO_PQS_E006_IN04.VP.1] Vaccine Threshold Indicator Verification Protocol | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Guidance | Anglais |
[WHO_PQS_E006_IN05-VP.4] Vaccine Vial Monitor Independent type testing protocol | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Guidance | Anglais |
[WHO_PQS_E006_IN05.4] Vaccine Vial Monitor Performance Specification | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Guidance | Anglais |
[WHO_PQS_E006_IN06-VP.1) Combined VVM and Threshold Indicator Verification Protocol | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2020 | Guidance | Anglais |
[WHO_PQS_E006_IN06.1] Combined VVM Threshold Indicator Performance Specification | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2019 | Guidance | Anglais |
Other VVM resources
Journal articles, webinars, and other publications that provide background information on the VVM.
Titre | Auteur | Année | Type | Langue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cold chain challenges everywhere - Simona Zipursky | EPELA, World Health Organization (WHO) | 2013 | Guidance | Anglais |
Interpretation of VVM in relation to other temperature monitoring devices - Umit Kartoglu | EPELA, World Health Organization (WHO) | 2019 | Training | Anglais |
Last mile - Umit Kartoglu | EPELA, World Health Organization (WHO) | 2013 | Guidance | Anglais |
The Book of VVM: Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow | Umit Kartoglu | 2020 | Guidance | Anglais |
Using VVM as a stock management tool | EPELA, World Health Organization (WHO) | 2013 | Training | Anglais |
Vaccine instability in the cold chain: mechanisms, analysis and formulation strategies | Kumru OS et al. | 2014 | Journal article | Anglais |
Vaccine storage and handling practices among routine immunization service providers in a metropolitan city of north-central Nigeria | A. G. Salaudeen , H. A. Ameen, M. M. B. Uthman, O. A. Bolarinwa, O. I. Musa, S. A. Aderibigbe | Journal article | Anglais | |
Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)-based vaccine management | Umit Kartoglu | 2020 | Presentation | Anglais |
Vaccine vial monitor availability and use in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review | Pär Eriksson, Bradford D. Gessner, Philippe Jaillard, Christopher Morgan, Jean Bernard Le Gargasson | 2017 | Journal article | Anglais |