Current immunization coverage rates in the WHO European Region are insufficient to ensure herd immunity and stop the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases. In some countries, rates have now fallen well below the WHO-recommended threshold (95%). Across the Region, up to 1 million infants born each y...

Post00343 VACCINE FREEZING: WHY IS THE COLD CHAIN TOO COLD? 20 May 2001 CONTENTS 1. WHY IS THE COLD CHAIN TOO COLD? MORE..... 2. HEP-B OUT OF THE COLD CHAIN? 3. VVMs ON VACCINES 1. WHY IS THE COLD CHAIN TOO COLD? MORE..... The freezing point of Hepatitis B vaccine is -0.5'C The f...

Post00325 VACCINE VIAL MONITORS 1 March 2001 CONTENTS 1. VVM - DRY ICE TROUBLE? NO! MORE! 2. VVM ON VACCINES: CURRENT STATUS AND PLANNED ROLLOUT 1. VVM - DRY ICE TROUBLE? NO! MORE! In Technet Forum Post00314, VVM - DRY ICE TROUBLE? NO!, 25 January 2001, Fred Simiyu, WHO Nigeria, re...

Post00325 VACCINE VIAL MONITORS 1 March 2001 CONTENTS 1. VVM - DRY ICE TROUBLE? NO! MORE! 2. VVM ON VACCINES: CURRENT STATUS AND PLANNED ROLLOUT 1. VVM - DRY ICE TROUBLE? NO! MORE! In Technet Forum Post00314, VVM - DRY ICE TROUBLE? NO!, 25 January 2001, Fred Simiyu, WHO Nigeria, re...