Papua New Guinea (PNG) faces critical challenges in immunisation. The country has some of the lowest infant vaccination rates globally, with only 37% of infants vaccinated against DPT3 (WHO 2023). These low immunisation rates are driven largely by a severe shortage of healthcare workers (HCWs), an essential component of the healthcare system (Vallely et al., 2024). PNG’s healthcare crisis stems from multiple challenges: a decentralised and dispersed population, a lack of government-supported training infrastructure, and a hard-to-reach landscape that makes healthcare delivery difficult. With fewer than 500 doctors and an estimated total of about 5,000 healthcare workers (including doctors, nurses, and midwives) for a population of 9 million (McKee 2021), PNG’s healthcare workforce density stands at approximately 0.55 per 1,000 people. This is significantly below the World Health Organization’s recommended minimum of 4.4 healthcare workers per 1,000 people needed to provide basic care (Population Pyramid 2010, WHO 2011). This severe shortage has contributed to the closure of over 50% of the country’s more than 3,500 health facilities. Key informants highlighted that most HCWs in PNG are women who often lack familiarity with digital tools, while men, more commonly in management roles, tend to have greater access to and experience with digital platforms (WHO 2020). This gender digital divide limits women’s ability to effectively use digital tools, despite their critical role on the healthcare front lines. Additionally, PNG’s linguistic diversity—with over 800 languages—further complicates health communication. These combined challenges, including shortages of trained professionals, information gaps, and logistical barriers, intensify the country’s low immunisation rates and growing vaccine hesitancy. These issues underscore the need for a more coordinated and comprehensive approach to healthcare delivery and health worker training in PNG to strengthen immunisation service delivery and primary healthcare more broadly.