Tuberculosis vaccines – rethinking the current paradigm

Highlights: •Protection can be improved by supplementing instead of boosting BCG immune responses. •T cell responses not detectable by IFN-γ assays can enhance TB control. •Improving central memory T cell responses by vaccines prolongs TB control. •TB virulence and latency antigens missing from BCG improve vaccine effect.

•Vaccine-induced Th17 responses enhance early control of TB.

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