Policies and SOPs for vaccine management

Dan Brigden

This page contains a repository of national immunization policies and standard operating procedures (SOPs) and job-aids for staff at vaccine stores and health facilities. Documents in the repository can be used by countries as reference material when creating or updating their own immunization guidance. The repository is aligned with the Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) C5 'Policies and procedures' requirement category and is organised into the following sections:

For a full list of immunization supply chain guidance and tools produced by WHO, refer to the Guidance and tools page of the WHO website. For information on the EVM requirements for C5 ‘Policies and procedures’, refer to the Setting the standard page of the EVM website.

Policies

Policies are formal documents stating national immunization requirements (policies, guidelines, strategies, etc.), often described as the what and why. The following table provides a list of national immunization policy documents.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
National Immunization PolicyKenya Ministry of Health2023GuidanceEnglish
National Vaccine PolicyIndia Ministry of Health and Family Welfare2011GuidanceEnglish
National Guideline on Infection Control and Medical Waste ManagementBhutan Ministry of Health2025GuidanceEnglish
The use of opened multi-dose vials of vaccine in subsequent immunization sessionsNepal Ministry of Health2003GuidanceEnglish
National Immunization PolicyPakistan Ministry of Health2022GuidanceEnglish

SOPs for healthcare workers

SOPs provide guidance on performing an action or task, often described as the how and when. The following table provides a list of SOPs for staff at vaccine stores and health facilities.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
EPI Manual for Health Staff, 6th editionBhutan Ministry of Health2022GuidanceEnglish
Immunization Manual for Health WorkersKenya Ministry of Health2024GuidanceEnglish
Routine Immunization Manual for Medical OfficersIndia Ministry of Health and Family Welfare2024GuidanceEnglish
Immunization Handbook for Health Care ProfessionalsMaldives Ministry of Health2022GuidanceEnglish
EPI Logistics ManualPakistan Ministry of Health2022GuidanceEnglish
Vaccines, Cold Chain and Logistics Management - Manual of OperationsPhilippines Ministry of Health2018GuidanceEnglish
Handbook for Vaccine & Cold Chain Handlers, 2nd editionIndia Ministry of Health and Family Welfare2016GuidanceEnglish
National Health Care Waste Management Standards and Operating ProceduresNepal Ministry of Health2020GuidanceEnglish
National Immunization Program Standard Operating ProceduresNepal Ministry of Health2015GuidanceEnglish
Basic Refrigeration and Cold Chain Equipment Maintenance GuidebookBhutan Ministry of Health2022GuidanceEnglish
Vaccinator's ManualSouth Africa National Department of Health2015GuidanceEnglish
National Immunization ManualOman Ministry of Health2023GuidanceEnglish
Cold Chain and Immunisation Operations Manual - Guidelines for Handling Temperature Sensitive Vaccines and PharmaceuticalsSouth Africa National Department of Health2015GuidanceEnglish
Standard Operating Procedures for Vaccine ManagementTanzania Ministry of Health2025GuidanceEnglish

Job-aids

Job-aids are a type of SOP that provides practical guidance on how to perform a specific task, for example a checklist, flowchart, reference sheet, etc. The following table provides a list of job-aids for staff at vaccine stores and health facilities.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Vaccine vial monitor (VVM)World Health Organization (WHO)2021Poster/infographicEnglish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, French
Management and safe disposal of vaccination waste at health facility levelWorld Health Organization (WHO)2022Poster/infographicEnglish
Cold Chain Temperature Data Job AidJSI, PATH, VillageReach, New Horizons2025GuidanceEnglish
Freeze-Preventive Vaccine Carriers: A Job Aid For Health Workers and Cold Chain LogisticiansPATH2017User guideEnglish

Guidance on creating and maintaining policies & SOPs

The following resources can be used when writing new national immunization policies and facility-level SOPs.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
EVM Model SOP manualWorld Health Organization (WHO)2013GuidanceEnglish, French
EVM Model SOPsWorld Health Organization (WHO)2011GuidanceEnglish, French