373 results
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO publishes vaccine position papers providing global vaccine and immunization recommendations for...
Nationally representative household survey that provides data for wide range of monitoring and impact evaluation indicators in the areas of population, health and nutrition.
Plenary 6 presentation
Peter Dull (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), Alejandro Ramirez Gonzalez (WHO/EPI), Pradeep Haldar (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India), Suresh Jadhav (Serum Institute of India, Ltd.),...
Africa was certified polio-free in 2020 and to maintain the polio-free status, African countries need to attain and maintain optimal routine polio vaccination coverage. One indicator for optimal...
2:00 - Salmonella typhi, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, IVI.
20:32 - Schistosomiasis, Robert Bergquist, Geospatial Health.
36:26 - HPV, Aimee Kreimer, NCI/NIH.
52:46 - Novel OPV, Ananda Bandyopadhyay,...
A large-scale vaccination campaign using needle-free jet injectors in 2019 is described, including data on the acceptability of jet injectors by vaccinators and caregivers
As one of its four major objectives, the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 (the Endgame Plan) calls on countries to introduce at least 1 dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)...
The global effort to eradicate polio has been one of the largest public health initiatives in history. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is composed of a large workforce of frontline...
Critical steps in assuring quality cell cultures and reproducibility of cell line stocks occur at the time of receipt of new cultures in the laboratory and establishment of a frozen cell bank. ...
Early confirmation of infection and transmission of polioviruses is an important first step towards implementing public health interventions to limit virus spread. Experiences in the WHO global polio...
The document provides general information about the polio eradication initiative, the role of laboratories in surveillance for wild polioviruses, the structure and mechanisms for monitoring the...
The Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 is a comprehensive, long-term strategy that to deliver a polio-free world by 2018. It was developed by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative...
The global effort to eradicate polio has been one of the largest public health initiatives in history. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is composed of a large workforce of frontline...
This page presents the background information, programmatic considerations, implementation experiences and materials available related to the fractional dose administration of IPV. This is a...
Containment includes biosafety and biosecurity requirements for laboratories, vaccine production sites, or any other facility that handles or stores eradicated polioviruses, to minimize the risk of...
Classification and reporting of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV)
With the previous edition of Immunization in Practice (IIP) having been translated and used throughout the world, we realized the tremendous responsibility we had when we embarked on this new...
VillageReach describes how the supply chain design process provides a good opportunity to investigate and address potential inequities. VillageReach documented its framework to help identify...
VillageReach documents how supply chain design increased access to vaccines in Equateur province, DRC. An independent study conducted by Acasus in July 2018 verified that average monthly consumption...
The purpose of this document is to provide World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended standards for conducting surveillance for vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). VPD surveillance provides vital...
The following report displays data and figures on the introduction status of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), rotavirus vaccine, and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) both globally and in 73 Gavi...
Global efforts to eradicate polio began in 1988, and four of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions currently have achieved poliofree certification. Within the remaining two regions with...
The Global Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication (GCCPE/GCC) met in February 2018. It noted that although no WPV paralytic cases had been reported in Pakistan since November...
BACKGROUND: Attitude and subjective well-being are important factors in mothers accepting or rejecting Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) supplemental immunization. The purpose of the study was to determine...
Background: Afghanistan is one of the remaining wild-poliovirus (WPV) endemic countries. We conducted a seroprevalence survey of anti-poliovirus antibodies in Kandahar Province. Methods: Children in...
The year 2017 marks the 40th year of the establishment of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the regional office of the World Health...
This article synthesizes the important lessons learned from polio eradication in the Region of the Americas, including initial and more recent challenges and best practices, as well as particular...
This report covers the background and evolution of Vaccination Week in the Americas (VWA), an initiative that started as a coordinated response to a 2002 measles outbreak in Colombia and Venezuela,...
The worldwide switch to inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) is a key component of the overall strategy to achieve and maintain global polio eradication. To this end, new IPV vaccine delivery systems may...
The following report displays data and figures on the introduction status of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), rotavirus vaccine, and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) both globally and in 73 Gavi...
AOV with R&D support from PATH addressed the
problem of vaccine freezing by incorporating an inner
vaccine box made of engineered phase change material
(EPCM) into vaccine carrier. When used...
Abstract: Despite limitations of glass packaging for vaccines, the industry has been slow to implement alternative formats. Polymer containers may address many of these limitations, such as breakage...
Background: Within Pakistan, estimates of vaccination coverage with the pentavalent vaccine, oral polio vaccine (OPV) and measles vaccine (MV) in 2011 were reported to be 74%, 75% and 53%,...
In December 2014, WHO published GAPIII: Global Action Plan, for the main purpose of disseminating the global strategy to minimize the risk of reestablishment of circulation of poliovirus from...
The global effort to eradicate poliomyelitis has reduced the incidence of cases caused by wild poliovirus by more than 99% since its launch in 1988, from 350 000 annual cases in 125 endemic...
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Although substantial progress was achieved by 2000, global polio eradication proved elusive. In India, the...
As the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) winds down, the 16 countries that receive 95% of GPEI’s support will face significant challenges from decreased funding over the next three years....
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. (NYSE: WST), a global leader in innovative solutions for injectable drug administration, today shared the results of a study highlighting the benefits of West\'s...
BACKGROUND: The potential to strengthen routine immunization (RI) services through supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) is an important benefit of global measles and rubella elimination and...
BACKGROUND: The Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) program has increased access to immunization services for children living in rural Afghanistan. However, multiple surveys have indicated...
In 2016, some progress was made towards the goals set out in the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP). The year saw the fewest number of cases of wild poliovirus ever reported, and three more countries...
The goal of polio eradication is edging ever closer to reality. There is much to celebrate; data from Nigeria suggest limited transmission of wild-type and vaccine-derived polio virus in the northern...
Background: Eradication of poliovirus from endemic countries relies on vaccination of children with oral polio vaccine (OPV) many times a year until the age of 5 years. We aimed to determine...
Vaccine hesitancy constitutes a major threat to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), and to further expansion of routine immunisation. Understanding hesitancy, leading in some cases to...
To secure a polio-free world, the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) will eventually need to be replaced with inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV). However, current IPV delivery is less...
essential for creating a polio-free world, and eliminating that risk will require stopping use of all oral polio vaccines (OPVs) once all types of wild polioviruses have been eradicated. In many...
Background: Comparing model expectations with the experience of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) containing serotype 2 (OPV2) cessation can inform risk management for the expected cessation of OPV...
Background: Recent detections of circulating serotype 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus in northern Nigeria (Borno and Sokoto states) and Pakistan (Balochistan Province) and serotype 1 wild poliovirus in...
The phased withdrawal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) associated with the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 began with the synchronized global replacement of trivalent OPV (tOPV)...
A fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (fIPV) administered by the intradermal route delivers one fifth of the full vaccine dose administered by the intramuscular route and offers a...
Background: In 2013, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) recommended that all 126 countries using only oral polio vaccine (OPV) introduce at least 1...
Background: Albania introduced inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) into its immunization system in May 2014, increasing the maximum recommended number of injectable vaccines given in a single visit from...
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) have distinct advantages and limitations. IPV does not provide mucosal immunity and introduction of IPV to mitigate consequences of...
Introducing a new vaccine is a large-scale endeavor that can face many challenges, resulting in introduction delays and inefficiencies. The development of national task teams and tools, such as...
Background: Kano State, Nigeria, introduced inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) into its routine immunization (RI) schedule in March 2015 and was the pilot site for an RI data module for the National...
Background: We assessed programmatic adaptations and infants\' uptake of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) after its introduction into the routine immunization schedule in Bangladesh. Methods:...
Background: Introduction of inactivated polio vaccine creates
challenges in maintaining the cold chain for vaccine storage and
distribution. Methods. We evaluated the cold chain in 23...
National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) are established by national authorities to provide them with independent, bias-free, objective, and evidence-based advice on vaccines and...
The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region (WPR) has maintained its polio-free status since 2000. The emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), however, remains a risk, as...
This analysis describes an innovative and successful approach to risk identification and mitigation in relation to the switch from trivalent to bivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the 11 countries...
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative has reduced the global incidence of polio by 99% and the number of countries with endemic polio from 125 to 3 countries. The Polio Eradication and Endgame...
The synchronized introduction of the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and the switch from trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) has constituted an effort without...
The global switch from trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) (“the switch”) presented an unprecedented challenge to countries. In order to mitigate the risks...
The Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic plan outlines the phased removal of oral polio vaccines (OPVs), starting with type 2 poliovirus–containing vaccine and introduction of inactivated polio...
The polio Post-Certification Strategy is a comprehensive strategy that was developed to define the global technical standards or core set of activities that will be needed in order to sustain a...
The following report displays data and figures on the introduction status of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), rotavirus vaccine, and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) both globally and in 73 Gavi...
Performance evaluation of MSF efforts, including immunization
n May 2012, the World Health Assembly declared the completion of poliovirus eradication a programmatic emergency for global public health and called for a comprehensive polio endgame strategy. The...
Withdrawal of type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in OPV-using countries required regulatory approval for use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and bivalent OPV in routine immunization. Worldwide, a...
The Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 calls for the phased withdrawal of OPV, beginning with the globally synchronized cessation of tOPV by mid 2016. From a global vaccine supply...
A total of 105 countries have introduced IPV as of September 2016 of which 85 have procured the vaccine through UNICEF. The Global Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 called for the...
The requirements under objective 2 of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013–2018—to introduce at least 1 dose of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV); withdraw oral...
The Immunization Systems Management Group (IMG) was established as a time-limited entity, responsible for the management and coordination of Objective 2 of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic...
The Immunization Systems Management Group (IMG) was established to coordinate and oversee objective 2 of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013–2018, namely, (1) introduction of ≥1...
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) continues to make progress toward the eradication target. Only one of the three serotypes, wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 (WPV1), is still circulating,...
From 24-30 April 2016, countries in the African Region commemorated the 6th African Vaccination Week (AVW).The goal of AVW is to strengthen immunization programmes in the African...
With the globally coordinated switch from the trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) to the bivalent OPV in April, 2016, the international public health community entered a new chapter in the endgame of...
Introduction: Communication is key for the successful implementation of polio vaccination campaigns. The purpose of this study is to review and analyse the sources of information utilized by...
Introduction: trend analyses of non-polio AFP and stool adequacy rates in Amhara Region showed optimal performance over the years. However, sub regional gaps continue to persist in certain zones...
Introduction: Ethiopia experienced several WPV importations with a total of 10 WPV1 cases confirmed during the 2013 outbreak alone before it is closed in 2015. We evaluated supplemental immunization...
Background: Since April 2016 inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) has been the only routine source of polio type 2 protection worldwide. With IPV supply constraints, data on comparability of...
A variety of vaccine packaging and delivery technologies may benefit the immunization supply chain. These include alternative primary packaging, such as blow-fill-seal polymer containers, and novel...
Research to minimize barriers and improve coverage of vaccines currently in use: Session 1: Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV): As a follow-up to the IVIR-AC recommendations in 20141 the...
Global measures to eradicate polio began in 1988; as of 2014, four of six World Health Organization (WHO) regions have been certified polio-free. Within the two endemic regions (African and Eastern...
International organisations promise that we can soon hope to live in a polio-free world, but for millions of polio survivors the struggle is not over. Sophie Cousins reports. Ahmedabad,...
Background: Despite progress in recent years, Afghanistan is lagging behind in realizing the full potential of immunization. The country is still endemic for polio transmission and measles outbreaks...
The purpose of this document is to provide WHO recommendations on surveillance standards for selected vaccine-preventable diseases. The recommendations should be carefully adapted to meet...
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide (1). One of the main tools used in polio eradication efforts has been the live, attenuated, oral poliovirus vaccine...
Intradermal delivery of a fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) offers potential benefits compared to intramuscular (IM) delivery, including possible cost reductions and easing of...
On August 10, 2016, 2 years after the most recent wild poliovirus (WPV) case was reported in Nigeria (in July 2014) (1), two WPV cases were reported in the northeastern state of Borno, which has been...
This article aims to understand why the last few areas where polio remains are affected by armed conflicts involving militant organizations that use Islam to legitimize their activities. The first...
Because Pakistan is the country with the most daunting challenges for ending transmission of endemic poliovirus, the work of Habib et al in this issue is critical for achieving polio eradication...
Waning immunity could allow transmission of polioviruses without causing poliomyelitis by promoting silent circulation (SC). Undetected SC when oral polio vaccine (OPV) use is stopped could cause...