Zambia
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India
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Burkina Faso
Yellow fever
Measles
Influenza
Waste management
POST 01111E : WASTE MANAGEMENT 23 June 2007
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[log in to unmask]">Modibo [log in to unmask]"> Dicko, from WHO/AFRO, shares two interesting documents on waste management with his analysis and conclusions. Hyperlinks below will give access to respective documents. It's a pity that they will be accessible only to those who can read French as they have not been translated. The second is an excellent reminder as it was circulated on TechNet in post 00846E in October 2005.
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These two documents are highly instructive on waste management issues from immunisation campaigns in Burkina Faso in 2004 (by Adama Sawadogo) and in Côte d’Ivoire in 2005 (by Attéméné Godiskine and Mamadou Moustapha Sy).
On the basis of these two experiences and taking into consideration the measles, yellow fever and meningitis campaigns being planned in Burkina Faso, Mr. A. Sawadogo advocates for a plan consisting of the following points:
- In 2004, the collection, transportation and destruction in 2 industrial kilns (located in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso) of 3.2 million used AD syringes (that is32000 security boxes), costed 26 million CFA Francs or about 8 CFA Francs per syringe.
- The measles, yellow fever and meningitis campaigns planned in Burkina Faso for 2007 and 2008 will generate 15 million used syringes; assuming 10 CFA Francs (taking inflation into account) for the collection and destruction cost per syringe, a total of 150 million CFA Francs will be required for the whole operation
- This amount of 150 million Francs CFA will also go-up "in smoke" the same way the 26 million Francs CFA were "burnt" following the Measles campaign in 2004. Worst still, Health Districts will have to use the famous B&B solution "burn and bury" for the destruction of all their waste from routine activities, simply because their waste management capacity will not have been strengthened!
Instead of adopting this catastrophic scenario, Mr. Sawadogo proposes that monies required for the collection, transportation and destruction in industrial kilns, of used syringes from campaigns, be used instead to strengthen health districts’ waste management capacities in the following manner:
- Have every district come up with a waste management plan
- Equip each one of the 55 health districts in Burkina Faso with a "Waste Destruction Unit", WDU type, marketed by IT Power India at a unit cost of 2.5 million CFA Francs, for a total of 137.5 million CFA Francs. These WDU would be used for the destruction of waste during campaigns and remain afterwards for daily use by health districts for the destruction of waste produced by routine activities.
As opposed to the first generation De Montfort Incinerators, WDUs are built with adapted materials and an improved design that helps avoid problems encountered with the first De Montfort. As Adama puts it in a wordplay, they are no more "Demons Forts", but "Demons très Forts"! (untranslatable : strong devils and very strong devils). The scheme proposed by Adama could be made however a bit more flexible by allowing districts, to choose other types of other equipment than WDUs according to their exact needs: for instance regional hospitals and those in larger districts could choose industrial incinerators better adapted to their daily needs, but also very useful during campaigns. For example, MACROBURN incinerators manufactured in South Africa and currently used successfully in Zambia and many other countries, or HWI or UNIVERS incinerators manufactured in Germany by TTM ("Transfer of Technology Marburg").
I genuinely believe that Sawadogo’suggestions, based on a long field experience as inter-country logistician and regional waste management officer for WHO/AFRO, are worth serious thinking, especially for stakeholders in initiatives against measles (for example the "Partnership against Measles"), yellow fever and meningitis among others.
Modibo
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=======================================================================Date: Mon, 25 Jun 2007 10:00:30 -0400 Reply-To: [log in to unmask] Sender: Technical network for strengthening immunization services Comments: RFC822 error: MESSAGE-ID field duplicated. Last occurrence was retained. From: TechNet Subject: POST 01112E : COSTS - REQUEST FOR INFORMATION MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT TECHNET21 E-FORUM
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POST 01112E : COSTS - REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
25 June 2007
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I am looking for recent data on refrigeration energy and maintenance costs.
I have some information from Emmanuel Taylor and Bob Davis and am wondering if anybody else has done work in this area.
Specifically I am looking for the following:
- Bottled gas prices/gas refrigerator running costs.
- Kerosene prices/kerosene refrigerator running costs.
- Electricity prices/ electric refrigerator running costs.
- Lifetime maintenance costs for gas, kerosene, electric and solar refrigerators.
- Any available data on cold room maintenance costs.
Regards,
Andrew
Andrew Garnett
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=======================================================================Date: Wed, 27 Jun 2007 11:17:48 -0400 Reply-To: [log in to unmask] Sender: Technical network for strengthening immunization services Comments: RFC822 error: MESSAGE-ID field duplicated. Last occurrence was retained. From: TechNet Subject: POST 01113E : APPREHENDED PANDEMIC MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT TECHNET21 E-FORUM
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POST 01113E : APPREHENDED PANDEMIC
27 June 2007
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The recent spread of avian influenza in wild birds and poultry may be a precursor to the emergence of a human pandemic. While it is accepted that in 1918 the virus originated in birds, it is debated whether it went directly to humans, or transited in mammals where the virus was reassorted (type of mutation). Nevertheless, countries have started to prepare for such a pandemic.
A set of activities identified in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) new Global pandemic influenza action plan to increase vaccine supply requires immediate and sustained action and funding, if the world is to be prepared for an influenza pandemic to which there would be almost universal susceptibility.
FluRadar reports on an article recently published in the Public Library of Science (Medicine) online journal that questions vaccination strategies in the event of a pandemic. In "Optimizing the Dose of Pre-Pandemic Influenza Vaccines to Reduce the Infection Attack Rate", authors Steven Riley, Joseph T. Wu and Gabriel M. Leung conclude that it would be better to give smaller doses to more people than target specific groups.
Read the full text and/or an interesting commentary by Christophe Fraser
Can these conclusions have wider implications that just the framework of preparedness to a potential influenza pandemic, for example for the administration of other vaccines? Share your ideas and comments!
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=======================================================================Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2007 19:05:28 -0400 Reply-To: [log in to unmask] Sender: Technical network for strengthening immunization services Comments: RFC822 error: MESSAGE-ID field duplicated. Last occurrence was retained. From: TechNet Subject: POST 01114E : STOCK MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT TECHNET21 E-FORUM
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POST 01114E : STOCK MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
29 June 2007
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Technet21 policy is to the effect of not posting advertisement on its site or e-forum. We already asked in the past whether we should make this rule more flexible. The message below is indeed advertisement. After consulting Secretariat however, it was decided to post it.
The reason is that the product is offered free-of-charge to individuals from developing countries or to non-profit organisations.
Posting of this message does not constitute in any way an endorsement of the product by WHO, TechNet21 and/or any of their partners, neither a judgment on its quality.
There is a lack of good-quality stock management software in the world. If any of you were to decide to give this product a try, your comments would be appreciated, on the forum or by using the "Equipment performance" form available on the TechNet21 homepage, leaving blank the box for PIS/PQS code.
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Dear Technet subscribers,
We are pleased to announce the latest release of our pharmaceutical supply chain / inventory management software- mSupply version 1.96r3.
At the suggestion of Mogens Munck we have spent considerable time in the last few months to enable location management in mSupply, specifically with a view to its use in cold chains.
We still have a long way to go, but we think the current version is usable, and we would appreciate feedback on what needs changing for future versions.
Location management features include:
* Management by volume. Define volumes for locations and for each item.
* Report on space used and free space at each location.
* Quick visual feedback on whether stock about to be ordered will fit at the nominated locations. Same for goods receipting operations.
Helpful links:
* Home page
* Demo version
* User guide
* Location management tutorial
* Other documentation
mSupply remains free for use in single-user mode if:
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mSupply has been in use in developing countries since 1998. It is now used in over 20 countries, primarily in pharmaceutical warehouses, and in hospital dispensaries.
Best regards,
[log in to unmask]">Craig [log in to unmask]">Drown
Sustainable Solutions
Kathmandu, Nepal
Auckland, New Zealand
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