Countries now have access to an unprecedented wave of new vaccine options — alternative presentations, products, and schedules, as well as new vaccines in the pipeline. This expanding landscape provides an opportunity to examine the full vaccine portfolio and identify ways to improve coverage and impact, reduce costs and wastage, and lessen the burden on the cold chain and on health workers. Each switch comes with trade-offs, making it crucial that countries assess their priorities and weigh available evidence and programmatic factors for each option.
As countries begin to explore ways to optimize the EPI portfolio — whether to identify options better suited to their context, navigate supply challenges, or make space for new introductions — new and growing bodies of guidance, evidence, and experiences can help inform those discussions.
This page provides a compendium of tools, guidance documents, and case studies to support countries in navigating available and upcoming vaccine options and making evidence-based decisions to optimize the cost, impact, logistics or programmatic ease of their vaccine portfolio and prioritize new vaccine decisions.
Content
- Vaccine portfolio optimization guidance
- Guidance for Gavi-eligible countries
- Decision-making tools and resources
- Vaccine-specific information
1. Vaccine portfolio optimization guidance
2. Guidance for Gavi-eligible countries
3. Decision-making tools and resources
Decision support tools and technical assistance
Country experiences and lessons learned
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
| The effects of switching from 10 to 5-dose vials of MR vaccine on vaccination coverage and wastage: A mixed-method study in Zambia | Kirstin Krudwig, Barbara Knittel, Ali Karim, Natasha Kanagat, Wendy Prosser, Guissimon Phiri, Frances Mwansa, Robert Steinglass | 2020 | Journal article | English |
| A Switch for Sustainability in Ghana's Rotavirus Vaccine Program | George Armah | 2020 | Case study | English |
| Introducing 5-dose Measles-Rubella Vaccine Vials in Zambia: Research Findings | Dose Per Container Partnership (DPCP), JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc | 2019 | Case study | English |
| The switch from ROTARIX to ROTAVAC in Ghana: Answers to four key questions | PATH | 2022 | Report | English |
| Economic Implications of Switching Rotavirus Vaccine Products in Palestine's Immunization Program | PATH | 2020 | Case study | Russian |
| The Health Benefits of Rotavirus Immunization for Children in Palestine: Results of a Vaccine Impact Analysis | PATH, Rostropovich-Vishnevskaya Foundation, Palestine Ministry of Health | 2021 | Report | Russian |
4. Vaccine-specific information
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV)
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
| UNICEF Pricing Information-PCV | UNICEF | 2023 | Datasheet | English |
| Considerations for PCV product choice | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2021 | Guidance | English |
| VIEW-hub data on PCV introductions, coverage, and products | Johns Hopkins University, International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) | 2000 | Tool | English |
| PCV catch-up vaccination FAQ | CHOICES | 2023 | Guidance | English, French |
| WHO position papers | World Health Organization (WHO) | | Repository | Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish |
| Vaccine Detailed product profiles (DPPs) For Gavi-supported vaccines | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance | 2022 | Repository | English, French |
Rotavirus vaccines (RVV)
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
| UNICEF Pricing Information-RVV | UNICEF | 2021 | Datasheet | English |
| VIEW-hub data on RVV introductions, coverage, and products | International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins University | | Tool | English |
| Summary of key characteristics of WHO Prequalified Rotavirus vaccines | World Health Organization (WHO) | | Poster/infographic | English |
| WHO position papers | World Health Organization (WHO) | | Repository | Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish |
| Vaccine Detailed product profiles (DPPs) For Gavi-supported vaccines | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance | 2022 | Repository | English, French |
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
| VIEW-hub data on HPV introductions, coverage, and products | International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins University | | Tool | English |
| UNICEF Pricing Information-HPV | UNICEF | 2021 | Datasheet | English |
| WHO position papers | World Health Organization (WHO) | | Repository | Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish |
| HPV VACCINE SCHEDULE OPTIMIZATION Key considerations for decision-making, planning, and implementation | PATH, JSI, UNICEF, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Jhpiego, International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | 2023 | Guidance | English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish |
| Vaccine Detailed product profiles (DPPs) For Gavi-supported vaccines | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance | 2022 | Repository | English, French |
Measles-containing vaccines (MCV / MR / MMR)
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
| VIEW-hub data on MCV introductions, coverage, and products | International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins University | | Tool | English |
| UNICEF Pricing Information-MCV | UNICEF | 2021 | Datasheet | English |
| UNICEF - Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) price data | UNICEF | 2021 | Datasheet | English |
| UNICEF - Measles and rubella vaccine (MR) price data | UNICEF | 2022 | Datasheet | English |
| WHO position papers | World Health Organization (WHO) | | Repository | Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish |
| Vaccine Detailed product profiles (DPPs) For Gavi-supported vaccines | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance | 2022 | Repository | English, French |
| Transitioning to a 5-dose Measles and Measles-Rubella vaccine presentation for routine immunization | Sheldon Halsted | 2025 | Repository | English |
Hexavalent Vaccine