In October 2023, WHO recommended the programmatic use of malaria vaccines for the prevention of P. falciparum malaria in children living in malaria endemic areas, prioritizing areas of moderate and high transmission.
This page provides a summary of the current global recommendations, evidence and programmatic considerations for malaria vaccine introduction into national immunization programmes – including implementation guidance, demand promotion and communications in support of malaria vaccine uptake, health worker generic training resources (to adapt for country use) and a series of technical references, publications and information resources.
Lessons learned from country-level pilot experiences (in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi) are also integrated into guidance to further inform planning and implementation. The content and guidance on this page are curated and maintained by the WHO Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals.
The following resources aim to support immunization programme decision-makers and managers, immunization partners and stakeholders, and national malaria control programmes (NMCPs) in the following areas:
- Decision-making
- Planning
- Demand promotion and communications
- Implementation – training, service delivery, and supervision
- Monitoring and evaluation
Resources for decision-making
Global guidance
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria vaccine - WHO position paper | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Guidance | English, French |
| WHO Guidelines for malaria | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2022 | Guidance | Arabic, English, French, Spanish |
| WHO prequalification - Mosquirix (RTS,S/AS01) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2022 | Guidance | English |
| WHO Prequalification - R21 Malaria | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | English |
Evidence reports and publications
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full evidence report on the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Report | English |
| Full evidence report on the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2021 | Report | English |
| Malaria Vaccine Evidence-to-Recommendations Framework: R21/Matrix-M | 2023 | Report | English | |
| Malaria vaccine GRADE Evidence table | 2023 | Report | English |
Q&A and infographics on guidance and evidence
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria vaccine - questions and answers | World Health Organization (WHO) | Guidance | English, French | |
| Malaria vaccine: Questions and answers on supply, price, and market shaping | UNICEF | Guidance | English, French |
Resources for planning
Implementation guidance
Resources for demand promotion and communications
The tools listed below offer practical and adaptable guidance on how to: carry out planning and coordination, gather and use behavioural data to inform interventions, support health worker interactions, engage with communities, promote accurate information, and connect malaria vaccination activities to broader integrated approaches for strengthening vaccination programmes and malaria prevention and control.
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 Key messages on malaria vaccination for health workers and caregivers | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | English |
| 0.2 Messages clés sur la vaccination antipaludique | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | French |
| 1.1. Promoting Demand for Malaria Vaccination: A Planning Guide | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | English |
| 1.2. Promouvoir la demande pour la vaccination contre le paludism : Guide de planification | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | French |
| 1.3. Promover a demanda da vacinacao contra a malaria: Um guia de planeamento | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | Portuguese |
| 2.1. Risk Communications on Malaria Vaccination: A Guide | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | English |
| 2.2. Communication sur les risques: La vaccination contre le paludisme: Un guide | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | French |
| 2.3. Comunicacoes de riscos sobre a vacinacao contra a malaria: Um guia | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | Portuguese |
Resources for vaccine implementation
Training
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Age-based administration: Essential Training Package for Malaria Vaccine Introduction | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Training | English, French, Portuguese |
| RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) Reconstitution training video (HD 1080p) | GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) | 2018 | Training | English |
| RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) reconstitution training video (HD 720p) | GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) | 2018 | Training | English |
| RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) Reconstitution training video (SD 360p) | GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) | 2018 | Training | English |
| RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) Reconstitution training video (SD 540p) | GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) | 2018 | Training | English |
| RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) vidéo de reconstitution | GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) | 2024 | Training | French |
Resources for monitoring and evaluation
| Title | Author | Year | Type | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 Malaria Vaccine Mini Post-Introduction Evaluation (Mini-mPIE) Guide (Draft) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Guidance | English |
| 1.0 Mini-mPIE introduction slideset | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Presentation | English |
| 1.1 Mini-mPIE trigger question database (Appendix 1) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Tool | English |
| 1.2 Mini-mPIE Health Facility Questionnaire (Appendix 2) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Tool | English |
| 1.3 Mini-mPIE caregiver questionnaire (Appendix 3) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Tool | English |
| 1.4 Mini-mPIE note taking template (Appendix 4) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Tool | English |
| 1.5 Mini-mPIE final report template (Appendix 5) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2024 | Tool | English |
| Sample supportive supervision questions (Appendix: Guide for introducing a malaria vaccine) | World Health Organization (WHO) | 2023 | Guidance | English |