Programme management
All topics related to immunization programme management, including planning, budgeting, financing, performance monitoring, and human resources.
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Johnson and Johnson Global Public Health Supply Chain, in partnership with the People that Deliver (PtD), is collecting information to develop a strategy guide for Secondment models between private and public sector organizations supporting health supply chains. The first phase of this project invol...
The aim of this webinar is to encourage and support effective communication of data related to vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccines and immunization. The presenters will provide suggestions and insights for developing targeted data visualizations (graphs, charts, icons, infographics or other forma...
Many people depend on data related to vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases to guide their decisions, from setting health system budgets to choosing whether to vaccinate their children. Those who compile and analyse data work hard to ensure the timeliness, accuracy and consistency of the numbers...
Dear SCM Colleagues,
The USAID Global Health Supply Chain Program-Procurement Supply Management (GHSC-PSM) project invites you to the fifth in a series of SCM Workforce Development webinars, ‘HR for SCM – Lets Consider HSCM Career Paths & Professionalization’.
Are you frustrated with skilled H...
Dear viewers
The following illustration emphasizes the importance of keeping vaccination data up to date on a regular basis and to explore the measures to promote EIR.
PHC Kollamogru is one of the 3 planning units attached to KVG Medical College Sullia located in the interior hilly area with...
WHO recently published a new guidance document: “A practical handbook for planning, implementing and strengthening vaccination in the second year of life” (2YL Handbook).
The 2YL Handbook provides detail on the practical steps for planning, managing, implementing, and monitoring vaccinati...
Dear all
Context: IAPSMCON – 2019: Symposium on Routine Immunization (RI)
In this month, symposium was held at the national level on RI, chaired by National Consultants and senior designated persons from Immunization Technical Support Unit [ITSU] for Government of India implementing the programme ...
Dear Technet 21 Community,
We are pleased to share the WHO-UNICEF Joint Statement on promoting the exclusive use of injection safety devices for all immunization activities.
Please find the link : https://www.technet-21.org/en/?option=com_sobipro&sid=5051&pid=57&Itemid=2586
On be...
Hi everyone,
Is any short training on Immunization data management available in 2019? Please let me know. I am interested to participate.
Thank you and best regards.
Chadralal...
Dear viewers,
A merry Christmas and a Happy new year 2019!
On Christmas Eve of 2012, we shared the first write up on Immunogram as “Xmas gift”. Today, 6 years later, we wish to share it again because it can potentially achieve and sustain ≥90% Full Immunization Coverage (FIC) below one year and bo...
The HR Country Support Package for Immunization SC Managers is available!The success of immunization systems in countries through the past decades can be attributed to a large extent, to the supply chain and logistics system. This system is one of the backbones of national immunization programmes (E...
Dear esteemed viewers,
ANM Mrs Chandrakala KM, AWW Mrs Indiravathi and ASHA Mrs Saraswathi K are the 3 ‘A’ces working in Health Sub-Centre Baddadka of planning unit Aranathodu of Sullia Block of Dakshinakannada District, Karnataka State, India.
The entire planning unit – PHC Aranthodu will cross >...
Innovative solutions are not limited to products, drugs, or diagnostics. They include novel approaches and applications of a technology, service, or intervention to help countries advance their reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and development...
Strategic reuse of appropriate tools is one of the core principles of the BID Initiative. Over the last five years, we have worked with the governments of Tanzania and Zambia to enhance immunization and overall health service delivery by improving data collection, quality, and use, with in...
Le Secrétariat de l’OMS, par le biais de ses services chargés des normes de Performance, Qualité et Sécurité (PQS), mène une enquête pour recueillir des informations sur les systèmes DCTD pour mieux comprendre les besoins programmatiques des utilisateurs, gestionnaires et administrateurs de systèmes...
Dear colleagues
We feel proud to share a true story of an “EuVac” bay in positive role. Three days back we shared the story of an “ANISOTIC” Baby in negative role. These illustrations highlight the need for an appropriate Home Based Record [HBR] as recommended by WHO. Both the illustrations are qua...
Empower is organizing the 2nd International Workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Global Health Programs, scheduled from 05th– 13th September 2018 in Hotel The Grand, New Delhi, India. The eight-day residential workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation of Global Health Programs will provide the platf...
Dear viewers
In India, an estimated 90 lakhs children are either partially vaccinated or unvaccinated and the GOI aims to attain >90% Full Immunization Coverage by 2018 through Intensified Mission Indradhanush [IMI] – an ambitious flagship programme of the country with utmost commitment. We are lef...
The purpose of this Request for Proposals (RFP) is to enter into a contractual agreement with a successful bidder and select a suitable contractor to carry out the following work: a value proposition of a generic guideline to establish and strengthen national Interagency Coordination Committees (ICC...
Dear TechNet-21 community,
You may have heard about National Logistics Working Groups - either because your country has one or wants to have one, or because you came across this concept in your daily job.
A national logistics working group (NLWG) is a mechanism for coordinating national immunizat...
WHO/Europe is working with immunization programmes across the European Region to help them raise awareness about HPV vaccination, address obstacles to high uptake and prepare for HPV vaccine introduction where it is not yet part of the routine immunization programme. As part of this work ...
Hep B vaccination at birth may not be necessary in India, says study
A large multi-centre study done in North India shows that many newborns are protected at birth by natural antibodies to Hepatitis-B and so Hep-B vaccination at birth is not necessary.
The study funded by the Indian Council of M...
Dear Friends,
I share the following story recently published in the New York Times on the leveraging of policy to bring about quick change in measles coverage in California, USA following the measles outbreak of 2014. The story can be obtained from here with all accompanying graphics: https://nyti....
Dear viewers.
We the KVG team wish a happy new year and wish to share the post on BCG vaccination.
As a question of justice, world wants to end TB by 2030 – the major killer among infectious diseases often hand in glove with HIV / AIDS. India aims to achieve the same by 2025.
Specific vaccination...
Dear TechNet viewers
We wish you all a merry Christmas and happy new year to come.
We wish to share the attached PPT on anti rabies vaccine administration presented in the integrated teaching session to the PGs & Faculties of departments of KVG Medical College.
The ppt is free for editing for fur...
Good day...i'm planning to use EVM as one of my tools to acess the vaccine management in my country in few selected primary health care centers in remote areas. Clearly my country is not using this model....is it advisable for personal research use? Im quite attracted to the scopes that the survey c...
Dear Technet21 Members,
We are pleased to invite you to take part in our new survey about the WHO Performance, Quality and Safety (PQS) website. We want to make sure the website is functioning optimally for all its users, and so we are keen to learn more about why and how you use the PQS website, a...
The WHO Guidance Note on "Engagement of private/nongovernmental health providers in immunization service delivery: Considerations for National Immunization Programmes" has recently been published on the WHO website:
www.who.int/immunization/documents/policies/WHO_IVB_17.15/en/
This Guidance Note f...
Dear viewers
Since the launch of Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) in 1978, India is consistently trying to attain and sustain high vaccination coverage both qualitatively and quantitatively through UIP, CSSM, RCH I & II, NHM actively involving multiple development partners and stake holder...
Dear viewers
Attaining and sustaining very high vaccination coverage is the basic dream of RI lovers of any country to promote child health. An ambitious flagship project "Mission Indradhanush" was launched by India on 25th Dec 2014 with similar dream.
Now, Urban area of Belagavi District will be...
Dear colleagues,
"Quality Risk Management Mental Modelling: Examples of exposure in everyday life" with 15 chapters, 120 photographs, 89 references, countless tables and graphs, links and QR codes to 13 videos as well as 26 best quotes on risk management is now available in printable interactive...
Greetings and we wish to sahre the attached with the techNet viewers.
Karnataka launched Mobile Medical Units (MMU) to provide free health care services to the hard to reach / underserved community; especially to tribal population in 27 districts. It has 31 output indicators of which 2 are child Im...
A new open-access tool, Immunization Financing Resource Guide, is now available for advocates, policymakers, and program managers in low- and middle-income countries. The guide includes 26 briefs, including 8 country case studies, and covers a range of topics such as evaluating the pros and cons of ...
Dear viewers
In-spite of rapid progress in e-media, offline Home Based Record (HBR) has an important role in all the countries. WHO supports local innovation for sustenance as 6th and 5th principles of GVAP (Global Vaccination Action Plan).
After reading the outcome indicators of a project, we dev...
Planning and Implementing High-Quality Supplementary Immunization Activities for Injectable Vaccines Using an Example of Measles and Rubella Vaccines- Field Guide:
This is a field guide that is intended for immunization programme managers and their partners. The focus of this guide is ensuring high...
Dear Viewers
Global effort is to close the immunization gap [World Immunization week -2016]. This gap is generally attributed to inadequate coverage: 1 in 5 in the world, 1 in 3 in the country and 1 in 5 in Karnataka are missing routine primary vaccination. This is understandable and measures like ...
Dear viewers
We wish to share our very short study finding with the TechNet viewers for further input and mutual sharing of experiences for the global benefit of closing the imuunization gap.
Introduction of a newer vaccine or any change in vaccination policy provides an opportunity to train / reo...
Dose per Container Partnership (DPCP)
The issue: Multi-dose containers are used to offer lower prices, higher supply volumes, and minimize cold chain storage and distribution requirements. As new, more expensive, vaccines are introduced in multi-dose presentations, maximizing the use of every dose ...
Dear Viewers
On this eve of Ugadi and launch of IPV era, also expressed as 3rd phase of Mission Indradhanush(MI) by a few, we wish to share Making of Mission Mode learnt by practically doing and working together with grass-root level service providers since 2012 till date.
The tool was born sponta...
Dear Viewers
Dr Rajendra KV, I.A.S, Assistant Commissioner of Puttur, Dakshina Kannada, in his speech on the occasion of Silver Jubilee Celebration of KVG Institute of Nursing, wholeheartedly expressed that he learnt many bedside operational procedures from the staff nurses, expressed his gratitu...
Dear viewers
The Academic Society Meet scheduled on 23rd March 2016 is held today as the local Govt officials were unable to attend on 23rd March 2016 due to series of IPV & Bivalent switch training. On presenting the comparative study in the Academic Society Meet, we are sharing the same w...
Dear all
Sharing the following with techNet viewers for refining workable definitions of form / format / tool in public health for needful. Tool minimizes fatigue, promotes capacity building, makes the programme self sustained for long term, minimizes HR fatigue, mitigates financial biurden and las...
Abstract from an article written by our EPI Ghana team. Comments are welcome!
For the full article please go to: http://www.sciforschenonline.org/journals/vaccines/article-data/IJVI-1-104/IJVI-1-104.pdf
Background: WHO and UNICEF supported Ghana to conduct Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) assess...
Dear viewers
Govt of India declared 2012-2013 as year of "Intensified Routine Immunization" and 200 districts who were below national coverage of 71% for DPT 3rd dose as per DLHS3 were selected. This gave us an opportunity to conduct this study. 4 Immunization Weeks (IWs), one week per month in 4...
We have shared the ‘Power of Peer Education’ to be followed by two write-ups on
1. 3 ‘D’s Affect: Duelist – the Determinant of Denominators and
2. Making of All Time Mission Mode [ATM(M)] outreach sessions.
Background: Following the first round of Intensification of Routine Immunization (IRI) i...
Evolution, growth and development, extension-expansion, operational research are all natural processes.
Launch of a new programme with a properly fitting outfit, infuses rejuvenation, jubilance, reminds the commitment and sustains interest among the service providers in implementing the old program...
Gundmi template started as “A breakthrough through break journey” and finally, one month data analysis of one subcentre itself can provide lot of information for appropriate action. This is shared with ANM/MO/THO/DC Udupi/State/Centre/Development partner and now with TechNet community for needful.
...
The V3P project aims at collecting, publishing and analysing vaccine product and price information. This year, 40 countries have shared data with V3P. Combining information shared by countries, PAHO and UNICEF, the database provides price information on more than 170 vaccines.
If you wonder about t...
Dear viewers
We wish to share the PPT on “COMBOCARD” – an outcome of interaction with many RI players; presented in the regular monthly Academic Clinical Society Meeting held on 26th Aug 2015 in KVG Medical College Hospital for further inputs and dissemination please.
For achieving the object...
Background: Rabies is a dreaded disease and an estimated 55,000 people die of rabies every year. Himachal Pradesh is in the North bordering China and is predominantly rural and hilly. Villages are near forests, where wild reservoirs of rabies exist. Since health facilities are not accessible easily,...
While stethoscope, knee-hammer, tuning fork and the like help in making bedside diagnosis in clinical medicine; Public health uses well designed, field tested forms / formats and tools for:
1) Collecting adequate data for obtaining meaningful “information”
2) Obtaining required indicators for pe...
I was thinking of writing on “ALLOWABLE ALLOWANCE” with regard to the quality of vaccination in terms of timeliness of various antigens and interval between subsequent doses. Meanwhile I had a brain storming session with a SMO from WHO country office on Thursday evening: 09-07-2015 and sharing the s...
During the TechNet consultation in Bangkok ten innovation projects that were given special prominence.All the projects are truly impressive in their scope, attention to detail and focused on collecting better data for supply chain management.
Two are for system-wide supply chain modelling to help...
National Technical Advisory group for immunization consisting GOI and development partners, on the basis of epidemiological data, prepare National Immunization Schedule, revise and update time to time either for the whole country or to state / specific districts- say whether to include JE or not, on...
Team Sampaje wish to share the study observations with the viewers for additional inputs for further improvisation in the coming month. Main observations are:
1. by updating the data the due list got shortened by 23% being first round, in the coming month the list will be more specific.
2. 26% ben...
Dear Colleagues, Thank you for your continued interest in the People that Deliver (PtD) Initiative. We would like share PtD's Newsflash no. 14 with our colleagues.
In this issue of the PtD Newsflash, read more about the:
- The 4 Cs for SCM Professionals
- PtD as a key partner in the Gavi Pe...
Dear All,
I would like to share the link of the WHO/IVB site where time series of Financing Indicators from the Joint Reporting Form (JRF) are presented in interactive maps.
Please use Google Chrome or Firefox as browsers for a better view:
http://www.who.int/immunization/programmes_systems/f...
The IAPHL team has developed a fun, interactive quiz to allow you to test your knowledge related to Human Resources Management for Supply Chain. Human Resource issues related to SCM has been somewhat of a “hot topic” for IAPHL over the past year, so we wanted to follow up and keep this conversation ...
New The Right Shot
The Right Shot: Bringing down barriers to affordable and adapted vaccines, a new report by Médecins Sans Frontières ' Access Campaign was released today. Enjoy the reading ! http://www.msfaccess.org/about-us/media-room/press-releases/msf-calls-gsk-and-pfizer-slash-pneumo-vaccine-price-5-child-poor...
Every quarter, a slide set on introduction status of selected vaccines is updated. The most recent version is available from the web @: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/
in the right hand column, under the “recent immunization data” menu.
If you want to see the worldwi...
Dear Colleagues,
We would like share the PtD Newsflah no. 13 - Special Conference Issue with our colleagues around the globe.
In this special conference issue of the PtD Newsflash, read more about the:
- The 2nd PtD Global Conference held in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The PtD Workshop on...
The success of operationalizing WHO iterations on Hepatitis B birth dose vaccine which dramatically raised the coverage from 19% in April 2014 to 100% in July and sustained, inspired to implement WHO MDVP / Open vial policy guidelines issued by the Government in the attached Sampaje PHC for field pr...
An Editorial in Indian Pediatrics the journal of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics has again raised doubts about the usefulness of Hepatitis-B vaccination in India.
Results of the pilot study launched in Andhra Pradesh to evaluate the usefulness of the vaccine have been published in the latest issu...
In response to revised WHO Multi-dose Vial Policy, 2014 and the circular guidelines issued by the GoI, subsequently by state govt (GoK) it was decided to operationalize the policy in the attached PHC. With literature review and on the basis of guidelines issued by the guidelines, a one pager ‘to do’...
Dear Colleagues,
We are pleased to inform you that the 2nd People that Deliver Global Conference on HR in SCM, held in Denmark from the 27-31 October, 2014, was a great success.
The 2nd PtD Global Conference had 160 participants from 20 countries representing the following constituencies: co...
The updated Updated Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to request M&RI funding to respond to measles outbreaks in Gavi eligible countries are available at:
http://www.measlesrubellainitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/SOP_MRI_Outbreak_Response_Fund_June2014_Final.pdf
or at
http:/...
We are pleased to inform you that the latest IPAC Meeting Report is now available online through the following link:
http://www.who.int/immunization/programmes_systems/policies_strategies/ipac/en/
The Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (IPAC) has been supporting and advising the Di...
Dear Colleagues,
The new People that Deliver Newsflash No.12 is now available!
In this issue:
- Update on the 2nd PtD Global Conference
- Public Health Supply Chain Competency Mapping in Namibia
- The 7 habits of effective supply chain professionals
- Results of the PtD Board elect...
“Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn.” Benjamin Franklin
The goal of the IAPHL e-mentoring program is to provide its members with opportunities to develop a partnership through which the mentor shares knowledge, skills, information and perspective to nurture ...
Dear Colleagues,
We are delighted to update you on the details regarding the 2nd People that Deliver Global Conference on “Human Resources in Supply Chain Management” to be held at UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark on 27-30 October 2014.
Under the theme of 'People Must Deliver: Workforce excellenc...
The People that Deliver Newsflash No. 11 is now available.
Please see attached. You can also access the full Newsflash on our website at http://www.peoplethatdeliver.org .
Regards,
Andrew N BROWN, BPharm PhD
Executive Manager – People that Deliver
UNICEF Supply Division, Copenhage...
Call for abstracts
2nd PtD Human Resources for Supply Chain Management Conference
Copenhagen Denmark
28-30 October 2014
Background:
The People that Deliver (PtD) Initiative is a broad global coalition of organizations that strives to improve the health supply chain workforce in developing ...
I wanted to draw your attention to an article, “An analysis of government immunization program expenditures in lower and lower middle income countries 2006-12,” recently published by Health Policy and Planning. Co-authors include representatives from the Sabin Vaccine Institute’s Sustainable Immuniz...
Dear Colleagues,
Paper immunization registers and register books are critical components of health information systems (HIS) for immunization programs across the globe. Even as many HIS for immunization programs and other health domains move toward electronic and mobile data collection systems, p...
New information resources are available to support the introduction of IPV, including FAQs, fact sheets and a new polio position paper.
Since mid-April 2013, core partners of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative and the GAVI Alliance have been focusing efforts on objective 2 of the Polio Endga...
Since 1998, WHO and UNICEF collect annually data on national immunization systems jointly through the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form on Immunization (JRF) (http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/routine/reporting/en/).
The Joint Reporting Form annually collects national level da...
2013 saw the emerging of the People that Deliver(PtD) Initiative, with funding for a modest secretariat, housed at the UNICEF Supply Division, secured through UNFPA, UNICEF SD and USAID on the 31st December 2014. An Executive Manager began in Jun 2013, a strategic plan was finalised, an aspirational...
The Immunization Summary is an app for visualizing data (tables, graphs, maps) on policies, activities and impact of national immunization systems. These data are reported by WHO & UNICEF Member States annually for incidence, coverage, immunization system indicators and vaccination schedules.
...
This one has been cross-posted from the IAPHL forum with many thanks!
We are excited to offer you a new quiz from PHiL and a module developed by DELIVER - both on Performance Based Incentives (PBI). Consider it a year end gift to you all.
As you may know there has been tremendous growth in the...
To strengthen public health supply chains, policymakers, supply chain managers, and development partners need to know the real costs of delivering commodities. Identifying these costs and the sections of the supply chain that are driving costs can give decisionmakers the data they need to ensure ade...
Après le succès de la première édition de la licence professionnelle en logistique de la santé, l’AMP, l’OMS et l’IRSP lancent la deuxième édition de la formation diplômante en logistique de santé, développée avec l’appui du projet LOGIVAC.
D’une durée d’un an, cette formation est sanctionnée par...
Effective public health supply chains require motivated and skilled staff with competency in various essential logistics functions. In many countries, a lack of trained staff is a frequent cause of supply chain system breakdown and poor performance. In an effort to help public health supply chain ma...
IPAC-2013Aprilreport-FINAL.pdf
This report covers the highlights of the meeting held in April 2013 in Geneva.
The various sessions covered the following topics:
Session I. Framework of the Unvaccinated The presentation covered the components of the Tools for Identifying Root Causes of C...
Current immunization coverage rates in the WHO European Region are insufficient to ensure herd immunity and stop the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases. In some countries, rates have now fallen well below the WHO-recommended threshold (95%). Across the Region, up to 1 million infants born each y...
The LOGIVAC project, jointly implemented by the Agence de Médecine Préventive (AMP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) , has launched, in collaboration with the Regional Institute of Public Health (Institut Régional de Santé Publique, IRSP), the first training degree programme in health logist...
Thank you Dr Robert Steinglass for sharing these presentations and films with the forum.
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) and Mount Sinai School of Medicine's Global Health Program conducted a conference titled "Lives in the...
As part of the support to the Decade of Vaccines' Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), UNICEF is complementing the efforts by WHO and the GAVI Secretariat to work with governments and other stakeholders in two interrelated areas: The first is to support better tracking of expenditure on vaccines and i...
Many thanks to Diana Chang Blanc for sharing this information with the readers!
The Immunization Summary is an app for visualizing (tables, graphs, maps) data on policies, activities and impact of national immunization systems. The IPAD/IPHONE app can now be downloaded directly from the iTunes ap...
Dear civil society colleagues working in immunisation,
GAMR-Action-Lab.pdf
In the spring of 2012, GAVI convened an “action lab” process consisting of Secretariat Staff and Alliance partners to look at how to strengthen GAVI’s work at the country level. One of the recommendations of the group...
For achieving >90% coverage in the shortest period at the session site level, a one-pager offline tool, which I wish to name as 'IMMUNOGRAM', is adequate. This tool incorporates the basic principle of 'My Village My Home', suitably expanded for IWs (Immunization Weeks) of IRI (Intensification of...
The Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (IPAC), established in 2010, supports and advises the Director of the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), with the review and/or formulation of immunization practices, operational standards, tools and technologies to strengthen an...
Cross-posted from the February 2012 Global Immunization News issue. Many thanks.
29/02/2012 from Claudio Politi, Oumar Sagna and Daniela Urfer, WHO/HQ
New data on immunization financing are available based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Report Form (JRF) reported by countries. Indicators on government...
Tanzania is among the 11 Sub-Saharan (SSA) countries that have recorded significant progress in reducing child mortality through several interventions including immunization services. Sustaining this immunization gains (and the overall reduction of infant mortality) is a major challenge. A critical ...
At request of Government of India, MCHIP immunization team has prepared a ready reckoner for health workers, which captures key aspects of immunization that a peripheral health worker (ANM, LHV others) should know.
Comments welcome from Technet colleagues
Immunization-ready-reckoner-for-health-...
http://www.5min.com/Video/Solar-Panel-Fridges-for-Rural-Bangladesh-502319944...
In day today life we see so many things happening around us which we can capture and use 'philosophically' in our training programmes. On bringing the two gates closer but not touching each other within a minute the red ants 'constructed' a bridge across a gap of 8 to 10 ants length, a similar gap o...
I found this discussion on Global Health Delivery Online. A nursing student was interested in forming an organization on global health nursing ( http://www.ghdonline.org/nursing/discussion/forming-a-student-organization-for-global-health-n/#reply-4483?id=6434756&format=text&type=digest)
Has any...
Cross posted from IAC Express (Issue: 873) with many thanks.
GLOBAL TRAINING NETWORK INVITES HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS TO TRY ITS PILOT PROGRAM ABOUT VACCINE SAFETY
WHO's Global Training Network provides training for national programmes and regulatory authorities on the principles of vaccine safe...
Auto-combustion incinerators are preheated with biomass (wood, dung, other) for about 30mn, and then rely on the operator to keep temperatures in bounds (600-900 deg C) by knowing when to load what for 3 hrs, and then finish with a 30mn biomass burn-down period.
• Biomass is used to get the system...
Evaluation of mid-level management training in immunisation in the African region.
Mutabaruka E, Dochez C, Nshimirimana D, Meheus A.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Division of Communicable Diseases, Immunization and Vaccine Development, Brazzaville, Congo.
Abstract
OBJEC...
There are no discussions available here currently