The Zero-Dose Learning Agenda (ZDLA) was a 2-year learning initiative by the Gates Foundation to better understand how to accelerate progress toward the IA2030 goal of achieving a 50% reduction in ZD. Through ZDLA, partners applied learn-by-doing (LxD) techniques and practices in high-ZD settings.
This page provides a variety of resources for immunization decision-makers, implementers, and funders interested in exploring, integrating, and scaling evidence-based interventions that reach unvaccinated children using innovative LxD approaches.
- Overview Materials
- Learn-by-doing Approaches (LxD) and Lessons Learned
- Costing
- Drivers of Zero-Dose
- Gender
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
- Ethiopia
- India
- Kenya
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
This two-year initiative (2023–2025) operated across select subnational areas in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan where partners:
- Diagnosed drivers of ZD and understand their root causes;
- Worked collaboratively with end-users, including caregivers, community leaders, healthcare workers, and government officials, to co-design, implement, and iteratively adapt interventions;
- Reflected gender-related barriers and responsiveness; and,
- Captured costing information.
Overview materials
Resources that provide an overview of the ZDLA initiative and learnings.
Title Author Year Type Language Zero-Dose Learning Agenda (ZDLA): Abridged synthesis of findings from learn-by-doing (LxD) implementation in high-burden zero-dose subnational locations in six countries Gates Foundation 2026 Presentation English Zero-Dose Learning Agenda (ZDLA): Overview Gates Foundation 2026 Poster/infographic English Zero-Dose Learning Agenda (ZDLA): Synthesis of findings from learn-by-doing (LxD) implementation in high-burden zero-dose subnational locations in six countries Gates Foundation 2026 Report English
Learn-by-doing Approaches (LxD) and Lessons Learned
Resources that explore LxD approaches, lessons, and learnings from ZDLA, including case studies, as well as practical ways to apply LxD techniques in new or existing work.
Title Author Year Type Language Investing in Learn-by-doing (LxD): Insights from the immunization Zero-Dose Learning Agenda 2023-2025 Gates Foundation 2026 Presentation English
Costing
Resources on the financial and economic costs of ZDLA interventions and LxD processes, including cost-per-zero-dose-child estimates and implications for scaling.
Title Author Year Type Language Estimating the cost of reaching zero dose children: a guide for the Zero-Dose Learning Agenda (ZDLA) Logan Brenzel, Gates Foundation 2026 Guidance English
Drivers of Zero-Dose
Resources examining drivers and root causes of zero-dose status across ZDLA sites.
Resources not available.
Gender
Resources on gender-intentional design and implementation within ZDLA, including LxD approaches used.
Resources not available.
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Tshopo province, including lessons and learnings from high-ZD-prevalence rural and urban settings.
Ethiopia
Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in three different settings: an urban slum in Addis Ababa, pastoralist communities in Afar, and agrarian areas in Oromia.
Title Author Year Type Language "Hidden in Plain Sight": Uncovering Gendered Barriers Behind Zero-Dose Children in Haruka Woreda, Afar Region Finina Abebe, Kedir Geberegzabher, Andamlak Asfaw, Habtamu Belete, Yesunesh Teshome, Tahir Mohammed, Liya Wondwossen, Nahad Sadr-Azodi, Jenny Sequeira, Nancy Fullman, Tosin Ogunsipe, Rahel Belete, Nigussie Terefe, Tesfaye Amare, Dejene Duguma 2025 Presentation English Applying Human-Centered Design to Reach Zero-Dose Children in Urban Slums: Insights from Nifas Silk Lafto sub city, Kersa Bella site, Addis Ababa Andamlak Asfaw, Habtamu Belete, Tahir Mohammed, Nigussie Terefe, Moges Haile, Nahad Sadr-Azodi, Liya Wondwossen, Jenny Sequeira, Nancy Fullman, Rahel Belete, Yesunesh Teshome, Tosin Ogunsipe, Finina Abebe, Dejene Duguma 2025 Presentation English Costing study of interventions to optimize outreach service to reach ZD children in Addis Ababa Alemnesh Angelo, Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) 2025 Presentation English Designing with communities leveraging HCD for ZD learning in Ethiopia Finina Ware, Liya Wondwossen, Yesunesh Teshome, Tosin Ogunsipe, Dejene Duguma, Bikila Tesfaye, Nigussie Terefe 2026 Presentation English Drivers and Root Causes of Zero Dose in Ethiopia CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program 2025 Report English Empowering underserved communities to uncover the key drivers of zero-dose and co-design context specific interventions through a HCD approach CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program 2025 Presentation English Lean Learning-by-Doing approach (Guide with toolkit) CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program 2025 Presentation English Learnings from the ZDLA interventions in Ethiopia CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program 2025 Presentation English Uncovering Cultural Barriers to Vaccination Through Engagement of Community and Health System: Lessons from HCD Implementation in Agarfa Woreda, Oromia Region CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program 2025 Presentation English ZDLA Final Report CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program 2026 Report English Zero Dose Learning Agenda: Processes for Designing Interventions to address local drivers of zero-dose children CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program 2025 Report English
India
Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states, covering frontline worker capacity building, product-based tools, and fathers' group approaches across rural and urban settings.
Title Author Year Type Language Getting beyond awareness: ‘learning by doing’ to reach zero-dose children in India Ajay Gupta, Sharda Prasad Veenayak, Amrin Fatma, Ayushi Agrawal, JSI India, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance 2026 Report English Reaching Zero-Dose Children in India: Four Family Archetypes Manoj Kumar Shukul, Ajay Gupta, Ram Ratan, Sabin Vaccine Institute 2026 Report English Who Are the Zero-Dose? Identifying Distinct Household Archetypes in High-Burden Indian Regions Ajay Gupta, Manoj Kumar Shukla, Ram Ratan, Mohit Chaurasiya, Divya Monga, Vidhi Sharma, Mandar Kannure, Disha Aggarwal, Bhupendra Tripathi, Syed Belal Hassan, Vama Shah, Mahesh Kumar Aggarwal, Suresh Kumar Dalpath 2026 Journal article English Why children were missing out on routine vaccines, and how listening helped to close the gap Ram Ratan, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance 2026 Report English Zero Dose Children: Exploring the context & drivers of missed vaccination of children in Uttar Pradesh using a gender lens Uttar Pradesh Technical Support Unit (UP TSU) 2025 Report English
Kenya
Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Homa Bay and Turkana counties, including lessons on community-based outreach and father's groups.
Title Author Year Type Language Applying Human Centered Design and Iterative Programming to identify and reach Zero Dose and Under Immunized Children in Kenya PATH Living Labs 2026 Report English How simple outreach transformed immunization in Turkana Tara Newton, PATH 2025 Report English Human-centered design in action: Q&A with a community health leader in Kenya Shamim Omar, Tara Newton, PATH 2025 Report English PATH Kenya ZDLA Drivers Deep Dive: Homabay and Turkana counties PATH Living Labs 2024 Report English PATH Kenya ZDLA Drivers Deep Dive: Homabay and Turkana counties PATH Living Labs 2025 Presentation English Zero Dose Learning Agenda: From drivers to interventions—what it takes to design interventions to address local drivers of zero-dose children PATH Living Labs 2025 Report English
Nigeria
Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Kano state, including driver findings, intervention learnings, and examples of LxD tools being integrated into routine EPI processes.
Title Author Year Type Language Immunization acceleration in Kano via rapid, local learning and implementation: ZDLA Kano Diagnostics Executive Summary McKinsey & Company Nigeria 2024 Report English Learning-by-doing lite toolkit Datharm 2026 Presentation English Supporting Community Engagement (CE) Strategy for PHC Services: ZDLA Final Report Datharm 2025 Report English Unveiling the Cost Drivers of Reaching Zero-Dose Children: Insights from Health Facility and Intervention-Specific Costs in Kano State, Nigeria Adebisi Adeyoyin, Sorbari Igbiri, Logan Brenzel, Abdul-Rahman Ajibola, Gafar Alawode, Joshua Odiabara, Franklyn Ezumah, Salisu Sulaiman, Hadley Ikwe, Olufunke Fasawe 2026 Journal article English
Pakistan
Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Karachi, covering interventions in urban high-ZD settings and lessons learned about working with non-traditional service delivery partners to improve connections to routine immunization.
Title Author Year Type Language When the 'Unrecognized' Became Essential: How Informal Health Practitioners Helped Vaccinate 58 Zero-Dose Children in Karachi Meerub Amir, Impetus Advisory Group 2026 Report English Zero Dose Learning Agenda - Pakistan: Root Causes and Drivers Learnings Impetus Advisory Group 2025 Presentation English Zero Dose Learning Agenda: Overall Findings Report | Pakistan Impetus Advisory Group 2026 Report English Zero Dose Learning Agenda: Processes for Designing Interventions that Address Priority Root Causes Impetus Advisory Group 2025 Report English Zero Dose Learning Agenda: ZDLA Narrative Impetus Advisory Group 2024 Report English