Zero-Dose Learning Agenda

T Ryman
Published: 2026-04-15 | Updated: 2026-07-29

The Zero-Dose Learning Agenda (ZDLA) was a 2-year learning initiative by the Gates Foundation to better understand how to accelerate progress toward the IA2030 goal of achieving a 50% reduction in ZD. Through ZDLA, partners applied learn-by-doing (LxD) techniques and practices in high-ZD settings.

This page provides a variety of resources for immunization decision-makers, implementers, and funders interested in exploring, integrating, and scaling evidence-based interventions that reach unvaccinated children using innovative LxD approaches.

This two-year initiative (2023–2025) operated across select subnational areas in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan where partners:

  • Diagnosed drivers of ZD and understand their root causes;
  • Worked collaboratively with end-users, including caregivers, community leaders, healthcare workers, and government officials, to co-design, implement, and iteratively adapt interventions;
  • Reflected gender-related barriers and responsiveness; and,
  • Captured costing information.

Overview materials

Resources that provide an overview of the ZDLA initiative and learnings.

Learn-by-doing Approaches (LxD) and Lessons Learned

Resources that explore LxD approaches, lessons, and learnings from ZDLA, including case studies, as well as practical ways to apply LxD techniques in new or existing work.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Investing in Learn-by-doing (LxD): Insights from the immunization Zero-Dose Learning Agenda 2023-2025Gates Foundation2026PresentationEnglish

Costing 

Resources on the financial and economic costs of ZDLA interventions and LxD processes, including cost-per-zero-dose-child estimates and implications for scaling.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Estimating the cost of reaching zero dose children: a guide for the Zero-Dose Learning Agenda (ZDLA)Logan Brenzel, Gates Foundation2026GuidanceEnglish

Drivers of Zero-Dose

Resources examining drivers and root causes of zero-dose status across ZDLA sites.

Resources not available.

Gender

Resources on gender-intentional design and implementation within ZDLA, including LxD approaches used.

Resources not available.

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Tshopo province, including lessons and learnings from high-ZD-prevalence rural and urban settings.

Ethiopia

Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in three different settings: an urban slum in Addis Ababa, pastoralist communities in Afar, and agrarian areas in Oromia.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
"Hidden in Plain Sight": Uncovering Gendered Barriers Behind Zero-Dose Children in Haruka Woreda, Afar RegionFinina Abebe, Kedir Geberegzabher, Andamlak Asfaw, Habtamu Belete, Yesunesh Teshome, Tahir Mohammed, Liya Wondwossen, Nahad Sadr-Azodi, Jenny Sequeira, Nancy Fullman, Tosin Ogunsipe, Rahel Belete, Nigussie Terefe, Tesfaye Amare, Dejene Duguma2025PresentationEnglish
Applying Human-Centered Design to Reach Zero-Dose Children in Urban Slums: Insights from Nifas Silk Lafto sub city, Kersa Bella site, Addis AbabaAndamlak Asfaw, Habtamu Belete, Tahir Mohammed, Nigussie Terefe, Moges Haile, Nahad Sadr-Azodi, Liya Wondwossen, Jenny Sequeira, Nancy Fullman, Rahel Belete, Yesunesh Teshome, Tosin Ogunsipe, Finina Abebe, Dejene Duguma2025PresentationEnglish
Costing study of interventions to optimize outreach service to reach ZD children in Addis AbabaAlemnesh Angelo, Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)2025PresentationEnglish
Designing with communities leveraging HCD for ZD learning in EthiopiaFinina Ware, Liya Wondwossen, Yesunesh Teshome, Tosin Ogunsipe, Dejene Duguma, Bikila Tesfaye, Nigussie Terefe2026PresentationEnglish
Drivers and Root Causes of Zero Dose in EthiopiaCHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program2025ReportEnglish
Empowering underserved communities to uncover the key drivers of zero-dose and co-design context specific interventions through a HCD approachCHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program2025PresentationEnglish
Lean Learning-by-Doing approach (Guide with toolkit)CHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program2025PresentationEnglish
Learnings from the ZDLA interventions in EthiopiaCHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program2025PresentationEnglish
Uncovering Cultural Barriers to Vaccination Through Engagement of Community and Health System: Lessons from HCD Implementation in Agarfa Woreda, Oromia RegionCHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program2025PresentationEnglish
ZDLA Final ReportCHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program2026ReportEnglish
Zero Dose Learning Agenda: Processes for Designing Interventions to address local drivers of zero-dose childrenCHAI Ethiopia Vaccines Program2025ReportEnglish

India

Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states, covering frontline worker capacity building, product-based tools, and fathers' group approaches across rural and urban settings.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Getting beyond awareness: ‘learning by doing’ to reach zero-dose children in IndiaAjay Gupta, Sharda Prasad Veenayak, Amrin Fatma, Ayushi Agrawal, JSI India, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance2026ReportEnglish
Reaching Zero-Dose Children in India: Four Family ArchetypesManoj Kumar Shukul, Ajay Gupta, Ram Ratan, Sabin Vaccine Institute2026ReportEnglish
Who Are the Zero-Dose? Identifying Distinct Household Archetypes in High-Burden Indian RegionsAjay Gupta, Manoj Kumar Shukla, Ram Ratan, Mohit Chaurasiya, Divya Monga, Vidhi Sharma, Mandar Kannure, Disha Aggarwal, Bhupendra Tripathi, Syed Belal Hassan, Vama Shah, Mahesh Kumar Aggarwal, Suresh Kumar Dalpath2026Journal articleEnglish
Why children were missing out on routine vaccines, and how listening helped to close the gapRam Ratan, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance2026ReportEnglish
Zero Dose Children: Exploring the context & drivers of missed vaccination of children in Uttar Pradesh using a gender lensUttar Pradesh Technical Support Unit (UP TSU)2025ReportEnglish

Kenya

Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Homa Bay and Turkana counties, including lessons on community-based outreach and father's groups.

Nigeria

Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Kano state, including driver findings, intervention learnings, and examples of LxD tools being integrated into routine EPI processes.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Immunization acceleration in Kano via rapid, local learning and implementation: ZDLA Kano Diagnostics Executive SummaryMcKinsey & Company Nigeria2024ReportEnglish
Learning-by-doing lite toolkitDatharm2026PresentationEnglish
Supporting Community Engagement (CE) Strategy for PHC Services: ZDLA Final ReportDatharm2025ReportEnglish
Unveiling the Cost Drivers of Reaching Zero-Dose Children: Insights from Health Facility and Intervention-Specific Costs in Kano State, NigeriaAdebisi Adeyoyin, Sorbari Igbiri, Logan Brenzel, Abdul-Rahman Ajibola, Gafar Alawode, Joshua Odiabara, Franklyn Ezumah, Salisu Sulaiman, Hadley Ikwe, Olufunke Fasawe2026Journal articleEnglish

Pakistan

Country-specific resources from ZDLA implementation in Karachi, covering interventions in urban high-ZD settings and lessons learned about working with non-traditional service delivery partners to improve connections to routine immunization.

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